Literary Translation as a Creative Act Essay

Literary translation implies the translation of all genres of literature, which include prose, drama and poetry. Literature is described as ‘an apparently nebulous body of knowledge in oral or written form, an imitation of life, which reflects civilization and culture, and which covers every angle of human activities-culture, tradition, entertainment, information among others. ‘ It is one of the great creative and universal means of communicating the emotional, spiritual and intellectual concerns of humankind. Literary translation has to do with translating texts written in a literary language, which abounds in ambiguities, homonyms and arbitrariness, as distinct from the language of science or that of administration. Literary language is highly connotative and subjective because each literary author is lexically and stylistically idiosyncratic and through his power of imagination, he uses certain literary techniques such as figures of speech, proverbs and homonyms through which he weaves literary forms. The literary translator is therefore the person who concerns himself with translation of literary texts. A literary translator generally respects good writing by taking into account the language, structures, and content, whatever the nature of the text. The literary translator participates in the author’s creative activity and then recreates structures and signs by adapting the target language text to the source language text as closely as intelligibility allows. He needs to assess not only the literary quality of the text but also its acceptability to the target reader, and this should be done by having a deep knowledge of the cultural and literary history of both the Source and the Target Languages. Language and culture are closely related and one is indispensable to the other. In fact, language acquires its meaning from the country’s culture. A single language may cross several culture borders. There are generally problems in the translation of cultural words in a literary text unless there is a cultural overlap between the source language and the target language. It is not enough for a translator to know what words are used in the target language; he must also make the reader understand the sense as it is understood by the reader of the original. For instance, in a text where there is a cultural focus, there can be translation problems due to the cultural gap between the source and the target languages. The meaning of a single word or expression is largely derived from its culture. Therefore, translation, being a simple linguistic process, a cultural understanding comes into play because the translator is supposed to produce equivalence and where this does not exist, problems occur. The translator is expected to creatively exploit the altered cultural, linguistic and literary context in order to realize the different potentials of the target language in an act or literary creation since translation is an intercultural activity. Linguistically, each language has its own metaphysics, which determines the spirit of a nation and its behavioral norms, and this is what is known as linguistic relativity. Language directs our intellect and even our sensory perception. Since words or images may vary considerably from one group to another, the translator needs to pay attention to the style, language and vocabulary peculiar to the two languages in question in order to produce an ‘exact’ translation of the source language text. Thus while translating something from a language to other, the sense and the behavior of the sentence gets changed obscurely. So as to carry the that sense and the behavior of the sentence the original author meant, the translator himself need to be creative, with a good knowledge of both languages, the one translating to and from.

Assessment of the Dell Multinational Company

Assessment of the Dell Multinational Company Dell Inc. is a multinational company that deals with the production of products and services for computers ad is rated among the largest computer manufacturers in the world. It was established by Michael Dell in November 1984 in Austin Texas. The Turbo PC was first produced in 1985 after Michael Dell dropped out of school in order to concentrate in his business. His belief was that by selling the computer products directly he would have a better understanding on the needs of his customers. The company changed its name to Dell Computer Corporation in 1988 and that marked the beginning of its worldwide expansion. The headquarters of Dell are located in Round Rock in Texas. As of 2010 it currently employs over sixteen thousand people. Dell Company has a global market share of more than 15%. The direct model has been the main core success strategy for Dell Company. Company name: Dell Computer Corporation Mission statement Dell’s mission is to be the leading and the most successfu l computer company in the world at delivering the best customer experience in the world that we serve. This is achieved through its products that target different people such as the consumer class and the corporate class. Products, goods and services Among the products produced by Dell Computer Company include: Adamo Laptops. These range from high end product laptops and come fitted with extra luxury. Power-connect- a high end switch product by Dell Company for high performance in switching. It is mainly used by middle enterprises. N series- this is a computer that is shipped without having the installation of Microsoft windows. Instead, open source operating system or the Linux is installed. Precision- this is a workstation that is rated very high by the dell computer. It is mainly targeted by graphic professions such as engineering, animation, imaging and product design. EMC/Dell- this is a Dell and EMC product that is mainly created for backup. It consolidates the storage and the reby creates a seamless automated storage. This goes a long way in catering for data storage. Studio- this comprises of a given range of desktops and also laptops and include studio 15, studio 17and also studio hybrid. Vostro- this is a range of affordable computers from the Dell Company though the support hours from the technicians is very little. Power-vault- these are products from Dell that are usually have storages and networks that are directly connected. However these products are in partnership with EMC Corporation. Competitors In the information and technology industry, there is a lot of competition. Among the rated competitors of Dell Company include the Hewlett Packard and the IBM. Others include Apple, Toshiba, Acer, Gateway, Sony, Lenovo, Samsung, Asus and Sun Microsystems. This is a generalized category of competitors as the Dell Company is a manufacture of different kinds of products. Other products that Dell produces include peripherals such as LCD televisions, USB d rives, monitors and also projectors. Lenovo, Acer, Apple, Toshiba, Hewlett Packard and the IBM are in competition with Dell Company in the production of computers both on laptops and desktops though with differing aspects. This is due to different needs of the customers. Sony and Samsung are in competition with Dell in the production of LCD televisions, USB drives, monitors and also projectors

Remote-Robotic Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Remote-Robotic Surgery - Essay Example Later few other robots were invented and used in the processes of surgeries. The first surgical robot that was approved by FDA was ROBODOC. The process of research and development still continues in the present times (Valero et al, 2011, pp.2-3). In the context of the technology, studies reveal that the use of surgical remote robots enables the need for lesser number of surgeons and medical professionals in the conduct of any surgery. Thus surgeries may be able to be performed from remote locations as well. Doctors will only need to learn to handle the arms of the robots through the computerized systems. This might also lower the costs of the surgeries. Moreover the technique provides with improved capability of precision and the patients are also less traumatized with this process (Bonsor & Strickland, 2012). Thus it can be said that remote-robotic surgeries have certain advantages over the conventional surgery methods. Patients may get attached to robots, the withdrawal of which might affect the patients. The feelings or emotions of the patients would not be able to be judged by the robots. The robots would not be able to handle a patient if he is angry and does not cooperate with the treatment or medication. When called by several users, the robots may not be able to decide on prioritizing the necessity of the calls (Lin, Abney & Bekey, 2012, pp.22-23). Thus it can be understood that a robot cannot be depended completely for the process of surgery or treatment. Being so, the use of robots in medical practice cannot be considered as morally and ethically correct. Considering the levels of patient satisfaction, the political influences reflect on the process of remote-robotic surgery getting more improved and accepted in the medical practices, with the advantages being focused (Gun Control, 2012). The legal issues include the cost of the robotic technology

How Will Retail Look like in 2020 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

How Will Retail Look like in 2020 - Essay Example Consumer changes, preferences, and tastes are constantly changing giving the retail sector a new look. By 2020, the retail sector will have more connected consumers, increased trust and transparency, buying will be frictionless, a change in-store experience, and will be more challenging to retailers.Considering the ostensible fact that the 2020 consumers will be more tech-savvy than the present, they will be more connected through wearable technology. While laptops, tablets, and smartphones will undoubtedly have their place, digitally connected contact lenses, earpieces, and watches will imply that the consumers will be permanently connected. Consequently, customers will straightforwardly blunderbuss online marketing thus living in a world where their buying decisions will be influenced by personalized recommendations. The unwarranted staff costs attributable to property leasing and gratuitously lengthy trading hours will be eliminated as wholesalers and manufacturers will have recog nized how lucrative and simple it is to make undeviating online sales. Apparently, this will bring consumers close to the manufacturers thus jettisoning the middlemen who often hike the prices of retail goods.Additionally, buyers will buy by a single command without having to click severally. Chatting with retailers, choosing products, trying samples, and getting endorsements will be fast and proficient. This will also be bolstered by the mixture of frictionless imbursement systems and virtual currencies such as the Bitcoin Mark 5 that will be in circulation. More contactless technologies will be in existence particularly considering the speed at which the US and UK consumers are embracing the technologies. A good example is the NFC (Near Field Communications) technology which is presently making it a realistic to pay for a myriad of products ranging from bus tickets to chocolate with merely a tap of the credit card. The PayPal and Visa.me services will be extremely advanced. The 20 20 customers will simply use their mobile phones to make and implement pay arrangements (Kare-Silver 72). Similarly, retailers will concentrate more on the use of social forums such as Twitter and Facebook plummeting street shopping. The number of retailers running ‘real’ shops will, thus, be enormously abridged. However, as the intrinsic need to touch and feel will still be high, consumers will still visit stores maintaining the resilient social component connected with shopping as asserted by Meng (N.p).

The Best Health Insurance Plan in the Market Essay

The Best Health Insurance Plan in the Market - Essay Example Shopping around for the best health insurance plan can be beneficial to both the insured and insurers competitors. However, many people dislike shopping around, and that â€Å"is not only harmful to them but it also detrimental to the competitors† (Frakt 2). Customer loyalty and availability of many insurance providers are the main cause of customer resistance to switching from one provider or plan to another. Customer loyalty can disadvantage consumers and the insurance market. For example, clients who are automatically re-enrolled to the previous insurance plan end up paying higher premiums for the similar services offered at a lower premium by other providers (Frakt 2). Also, it prevents insurance companies from attracting new customers. In addition, it hinders consumers from assessing better insurance packages that can suit various needs of different clients. It hinders innovation and superiority of services leading to services of poor quality (Frakt 3). However, having va rious alternatives in the market can disadvantage the consumers because it is hard to select the best plan among many alternatives (Frakt 3). It can make consumers stick to the previous plan in order to avoid the struggle of selecting an unfamiliar plan. Consumers can benefit from various alternatives when there is adequate information about the available products or service in the market (Frakt 4). In conclusion, having various alternatives for products and services can yield benefits to both consumers and the companies if adequate information is made available for effective decision-making. It promotes innovation among the companies and can lead to a reduction in prices.

Entrepreneurial Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Entrepreneurial Leadership - Research Paper Example Social entrepreneurs are resourceful, innovative, and results oriented. Dr. Jordan Kassalow is a superb example of social oriented entrepreneur. Dr. Kassalow is the CEO and Founder of Vision Spring. Also, he is the founder and co-founder of the Global Health Policy Program Scojo New York respectively. His social entrepreneurship skills started back in 1984 when he volunteered to treat and help patients in rural Mexico (Kassalow, 1991). Seventeen years later, he formed a non-profit organization called Vision Spring. Vision Spring has sold almost six hundred thousand pairs of reading glasses in seven different countries. In the last year, Vision Spring gathered an annual income of $290,000 and still was on charitable donations. In 2010, they amassed $ 1700000. Three years later, he combined forces with a global microfinance organization called BRAC, in Bangladesh. BRAC has an eighty thousand strong sales force of women, who got hired to sell baskets of Band-Aids and Aspirin. Kassalow figured out on how to use the sales force to help him sell reading glasses, which in the process would help him save money on administrative and training costs. In the same year, Vision Spring sold ninety thousand pairs of glasses, but he still got losses. In the following year, Vision Spring sold two hundred and one thousand pairs bust made losses, which would now force Vision Spring to sell millions of pairs of reading glasses to break even (Stephen, 2008). A good example of a profit oriented entrepreneur is the late Steven Paul. Steve was an American businessman, inventor and designer. He was the chief executive officer, chairman, and a co-founder of Apple Inc (Brashares, 2001). He was also the chief executive officer and a co-founder of Pixar Animation Studios. In 2006, The Walt Disney Company acquired Pixar, and he became a member of Disney board of

International human rights law and how the health care has improved in Essay

International human rights law and how the health care has improved in 3 counties - Essay Example The organization also went further to shed more light on how these rights were connected with health. Many countries adopted this and evidence shows that progress have been made as countries have been striving to integrate these into their health systems since 2002 (World Health Organization, 2002). This paper examines the progress that has been made by three countries: Kenya, Mexico and the US. In Mexico, for instance, a lot have improved, especially in the field of mental health. For a long time, people with mental health problems would be dumped into institutions and be subjected to inhumane treatment without being allowed back into the community. International law on human rights recognizes that people have a right to treatment in least restrictive environment and within their communities. It is because of this that Mexico health care system has been reformed to support community integration of mentally disabled persons. Both state and national health budgetary allocation have been increased since 2002, and this has helped significant enforcement of community integration of the mentally disabled. Patient dumping has since stopped through introduction of an individualized outplacement plan for persons into the community. Similarly, conditions within the institutions were also improved due to the provision of such basic needs as food, clothes, and bedding. Besides, essential medication, dental care, hygiene, and safety were also adopted to help improve health of the institutionalized psychiatric cases. Through the recognition of the international laws that relate human rights to health and poverty reduction (issue no 5), Kenya has progressed tremendously in the area of reproductive health. The Kenyan government has since 2002, adopted laws that ensure the integration of family planning services into the healthcare system as a means of reducing